Kazakhstan
- Rapid growth: Sunflower oil production in Kazakhstan has grown rapidly in recent years, driven by government support and investment in the sector.
- Favorable climate: The climate of Kazakhstan is well suited for growing sunflowers, with warm summers and cold winters.
- Irrigation: Many sunflower farms in Kazakhstan use irrigation systems, which help increase yields and reduce dependence on rainfall.
- Export potential: Kazakhstan has significant export potential as its sunflower oil is shipped to countries such as China, Turkey and Russia.
- Government support: The Kazakh government supports sunflower farmers through subsidies, loans and other incentives.
Ukraine
- Second largest producer: Ukraine is the second largest producer of sunflower oil in the world, accounting for around 15% of global production.
- Black earth: The black soil of Ukraine is very fertile and suitable for growing sunflowers, which enables high yields.
- Large-scale cultivation: Ukrainian sunflower cultivation is characterized by large-scale operations, which contributes to increasing efficiency and reducing costs.
- Export oriented: Ukraine exports a significant part of its sunflower oil production, mainly to the European Union, China and India.
- Challenges: Ukrainian sunflower oil production faces challenges such as weather risks, soil degradation and competition from other oilseeds.
Eastern Europe
- Growing demand: Eastern European countries such as Poland, Hungary and Romania have seen growing demand for sunflower oil in recent years.
- Increase in production: Sunflower oil production in Eastern Europe has increased, driven by government support and investment in the sector.
- EU membership: Many Eastern European countries are members of the European Union, which offers access to a large market and advantageous trade agreements.
- Competitive advantages: Eastern European countries have competitive advantages such as lower labor costs and favorable climate conditions, which help attract investments in the sunflower oil sector.
- Challenges: Eastern European sunflower oil production faces challenges such as weather risks, soil degradation and competition from other oilseeds.
Russia
Regions of sunflower oil production in Russia
Rostov Oblast: Rostov Oblast, located in the Southern Federal District, is the largest producer of sunflower oil in Russia, accounting for over 20% of the country’s total production.
Krasnodar Territory: The Krasnodar Territory is located in the North Caucasus Federal District and is the second largest producer of sunflower oil in Russia. They account for around 15% of the country’s total production.
Stavropol region: The Stavropol Region is located in the North Caucasus Federal District and is another major producer of sunflower oil in Russia, accounting for around 10% of the country’s total production.
Voronezh Oblast: Located in the Central Federal District, Voronezh Oblast is also a major producer of sunflower oil in Russia, accounting for around 8% of the country’s total production.
Saratov Oblast: Saratov Oblast is located in the Volga Federal District and is another major producer of sunflower oil in Russia, accounting for around 5% of the country’s total production.
Volgograd Oblast: Volgograd Oblast, located in the Volga Federal District, is also a major producer of sunflower oil in Russia, accounting for about 4% of the country’s total production.
Lipetsk Oblast: Located in the Central Federal District, Lipetsk Oblast is another region that produces significant amounts of sunflower oil in Russia, accounting for about 3% of the country’s total production.
These seven regions together account for over 70% of Russia’s total sunflower oil production. The remaining 30% is produced in other regions, including the Ural Federal District, the Siberian Federal District and the Far Eastern Federal District.
Sunflower oil production industry in Russia
Number of factories
- In 2022, there are about 150-160 sunflower oil production factories in Russia.
- These factories are located in different regions, with the majority concentrated in the southern and western parts of the country, where sunflower cultivation is more widespread.
Hardware
The total processing capacity of Russian sunflower oil factories is about 12-13 million tons per year. Most factories use modern equipment and technology including:
- Crushing and pressing lines from leading manufacturers such as Bühler, Alfa Laval and Desmet Ballestra.
- Extraction lines with hexane or other solvents.
- Refining and deodorization lines to produce high quality sunflower oil.
- Packaging lines for bottling and preserving sunflower oil.
- Some factories also have additional equipment to produce other products, such as:
- Sunflower meal and cake as animal feed.
- Sunflower husk pellets for biofuel.
- Other value-added products such as margarine, mayonnaise and soap.
Regional distribution
The regions with the highest sunflower oil production in Russia are:
- Krasnodar Territory: 25-30% of national production.
- Rostov Oblast: 20-25% of national production.
- Stavropol Region: 15-20% of national production.
- Volgograd Oblast: 10-15% of national production.
- Saratov Oblast: 5-10% of national production.
Leading companies
The largest sunflower oil producers in Russia include:
- EFKO Group: One of the largest oilseed processors in Russia with a processing capacity of over 2 million tons per year.
- Aston: A leading agricultural company with a sunflower oil production capacity of over 1,5 million tons per year.
- rusagro: A large agricultural holding company with a sunflower oil production capacity of over 1 million tons per year.
- Sodruggestvo: A major oilseed processor with a sunflower oil production capacity of over 500.000 tons per year.
Total volume of sunflower oil production in Russia
According to various sources, including the Russian Federal Statistics Service (Rosstat) and industry reports, here are some data on the total volume of sunflower oil production in Russia:
- In 2020, Russia produced about 4,3 million tons of sunflower oil, making it the world’s largest producer of sunflower oil, accounting for about 25% of global production.
- In 2019, Russia’s sunflower oil production reached 4,1 million tons, valued at around 230 billion rubles (approximately $3,5 billion).
- According to a report by the Russian Association of Oil and Fat Producers, Russia produced 2018 million tons of sunflower oil in 3,9, a growth rate of 5% compared to the previous year.
- The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations estimates that Russia’s sunflower oil production averaged around 2015 million tons per year from 2019 to 3,5.
Types of sunflower oil
Raw sunflower oil: This is the most common type of sunflower oil produced in Russia. It is obtained from sunflower seeds through a mechanical pressing process or solvent extraction. Crude sunflower oil is used as raw material for further refining and processing.
Refined sunflower oil: Refined sunflower oil is produced by refining raw sunflower oil to remove impurities and improve its color, flavor and texture. This type of oil is suitable for cooking, food processing and cosmetic applications.
High-oleic sunflower oil: This type of sunflower oil is made from special high-oleic sunflower varieties that have higher levels of oleic acid (up to 90%). High oleic sunflower oil is used in foods such as snacks, baked goods and frying applications where a highly stable oil is required.
Medium oleic sunflower oil: Medium oleic sunflower oil is a blend of high oleic sunflower oil and traditional sunflower oil. It has a balanced fatty acid composition, making it suitable for various applications including food processing, cosmetics and biofuels.
Cold pressed sunflower oil: Cold pressed sunflower oil is produced using a mechanical pressing process without heat, which preserves the natural flavor and nutrients of the sunflower seeds. This type of oil is often used in specialty foods such as gourmet cooking oils and salad dressings.
Organic sunflower oil: Organic sunflower oil is made from sunflower seeds that are grown without the use of synthetic pesticides, herbicides or fertilizers. This type of oil is in high demand among health-conscious consumers and is often used in organic foods.
Special sunflower oil: Some Russian manufacturers offer special sunflower oils with unique flavor profiles or nutritional characteristics, such as sunflower oil with a high content of vitamin E or sunflower oil with a distinct flavor profile (e.g. roasted sunflower oil). ).
Biodiesel sunflower oil: Russia also produces sunflower oil for biodiesel production, which is used as a renewable energy source in the transport sector.
Quality indicators and standards for sunflower oil in Russia
Quality indicators
- Acid value: The acid value of sunflower oil in Russia should not exceed 0,5 mg KOH/g.
- Peroxide value: The peroxide value of sunflower oil in Russia should not exceed 10 mmol/kg.
- Moisture and volatile components: The moisture and volatile components content of sunflower oil in Russia should not exceed 0,2%.
- Impurities: The impurity content of sunflower oil in Russia should not exceed 0,05%.
- Color: The color of sunflower oil in Russia should be yellow or light yellow.
- Taste and smell: The taste and smell of sunflower oil in Russia should be neutral, without foreign flavors or smells.
- Density: The density of sunflower oil in Russia should be between 20 and 0,915 g/cm³ at 0,925°C.
- Viscosity: The viscosity of sunflower oil in Russia should be between 20 and 39 mm²/s at 45°C.
- Iodine value: The iodine value of sunflower oil in Russia should be between 120-140 g I₂/100g.
- Saponification value: The saponification value of sunflower oil in Russia should be between 190-200 mg KOH/g.
Standards
GOST R 52465-2005: This standard establishes the requirements for sunflower oil in Russia, including its quality indicators, packaging, labeling and storage.
GOST R 55574-2013: This standard establishes the requirements for refined sunflower oil in Russia, including its quality indicators, packaging, labeling and storage.
GOST R 57150-2016: This standard establishes the requirements for cold-pressed sunflower oil in Russia, including its quality indicators, packaging, labeling and storage.
SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01: This standard establishes the sanitary and epidemiological requirements for sunflower oil in Russia, including its production, storage and transportation.
Certification and labeling
GOST R certification: Sunflower oil producers in Russia must obtain GOST R certification, which confirms that their products meet the requirements of the relevant GOST standards.
Labeling: Sunflower oil packaging in Russia must be labeled with information such as product name, manufacturer’s name and address, net quantity, expiry date and storage conditions.
Supervisors
Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart): Rosstandart is responsible for the development and implementation of technical regulations and standards for sunflower oil in Russia.
Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare (Rospotrebnadzor): Rospotrebnadzor is responsible for ensuring that sunflower oil producers in Russia comply with sanitary and epidemiological requirements.
Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation: The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for developing and implementing policies related to sunflower oil production and trade in Russia.
Share of the world market
According to various sources, including the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and market research reports, here are some key statistics on the share of Russian sunflower oil in the global market:
- Global sunflower oil production: Russia is the world’s largest producer of sunflower oil, accounting for about 25-30% of global production.
- Global sunflower oil exports: Russia is also the largest exporter of sunflower oil, accounting for about 40-50% of global exports.
- Russian sunflower oil production: In 2020, Russia produced around 4,3 million tons of sunflower oil, accounting for about 28% of global production.
- Russian sunflower oil exports: In 2020, Russia exported around 2,3 million tons of sunflower oil, accounting for about 43% of global exports.
- Global market share: Russia’s share of the global sunflower oil market is about 35-40%, making it the largest player in the market.
Here is a rough breakdown of global sunflower oil market share by country:
- Russia: 35-40%
- Ukraine: 20-25%
- European Union: 15-20%
- Argentina: 5-10%
- Other countries: 10-15%
Price dynamics for sunflower oil from Russia
2017
Average annual price: $740-760 per ton (FOB Black Sea)
Price trends: The price of Russian sunflower oil was relatively stable in 2017, with some fluctuations due to changes in global demand and supply.
Factors influencing prices: Strong demand from China and India as well as a good harvest in Russia supported prices. However, a record harvest in Ukraine and a strong dollar put downward pressure on prices.
2018
Average annual price: $830-850 per ton (FOB Black Sea)
Price Trend: Prices increased in 2018 due to a combination of factors including:
- Strong demand from China and India, driven by growing food processing industries.
- A decline in global sunflower oil production, especially in Ukraine, due to adverse weather conditions.
- Increased export tariffs in Russia, which reduced the availability of sunflower oil for export.
2019
Average annual price: $930-950 per ton (FOB Black Sea)
Price trend: Prices continued to rise in 2019, driven by:
- Strong demand from China, India and other countries, especially for use in food processing and biofuel production.
- A decline in global sunflower oil production, particularly in Ukraine and Russia, due to drought and other weather-related issues.
- Increased competition for sunflower oil exports from other major producers such as Ukraine and Argentina.
2020
Average annual price: USD 1.030-1.050 per ton (FOB Black Sea)
Price Trend: Prices reached a record high in 2020, driven by:
- Strong demand from China, India and other countries, especially for use in food processing and biofuel production.
- A decline in global sunflower oil production, particularly in Ukraine and Russia, due to drought and other weather-related issues.
- Disruptions to global supply chains and trade flows due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
2021
Average annual price: USD 1.150-1.200 per ton (FOB Black Sea)
Price Trend: Prices continued to rise in 2021, driven by:
- Strong demand from China, India and other countries, especially for use in food processing and biofuel production.
- A decline in global sunflower oil production, particularly in Ukraine and Russia, due to drought and other weather-related issues.
- Increased competition for sunflower oil exports from other major producers such as Ukraine and Argentina.
- Rising transportation costs and logistical challenges due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
2022
Average annual price: USD 1.300-1.350 per ton (FOB Black Sea)
Price Trend: Prices continued to rise in 2022, driven by:
- Strong demand from China, India and other countries, especially for use in food processing and biofuel production.
- A decline in global sunflower oil production, particularly in Ukraine and Russia, due to drought and other weather-related issues.
- Increased competition for sunflower oil exports from other major producers such as Ukraine and Argentina.
- Rising transportation costs and logistical challenges due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.
Forecast of demand for sunflower oil from Russia
Russia is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of sunflower oil. In recent years, the country has recorded a significant increase in sunflower oil production, driven by government support, favorable weather conditions and growing demand in domestic and international markets.
Global demand for sunflower oil is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2028 to 4,5, driven by increasing demand from the food, cosmetics and biofuel industries.
Russia’s sunflower oil production is expected to continue growing, driven by government support for the agricultural sector and investments in modernizing and expanding production facilities.
The Russian government has set a goal of increasing sunflower oil production to 2025 million tons by 2,5 from 2020 million tons in 3,5.
Short-term forecast (2023-2025)
Demand for sunflower oil from Russia is expected to grow at a CAGR of 5,5%, driven by increasing demand in the domestic market and exports to countries such as Turkey, China, and India.
Medium-term forecast (2025-2030)
Demand for sunflower oil from Russia is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4,5%, driven by continued growth in domestic demand and exports, as well as increasing demand for the biofuels industry.
Long-term forecast (2030-2035)
Demand for sunflower oil from Russia is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3,5%, driven by continued growth in domestic demand and exports, as well as increasing demand from the food and cosmetics industries.
Kazakhstan
Main regions of sunflower oil production in Kazakhstan
South Kazakhstan region: This region is the largest sunflower producer in Kazakhstan, accounting for over 40% of the country’s total sunflower production. The region’s fertile soil, favorable climate and extensive irrigation system make it an ideal place for sunflower cultivation.
Kyzylorda region: The Kyzylorda region is located in southern Kazakhstan and is another major sunflower producer. Due to the dry climate and abundant sunlight, the region is suitable for sunflower cultivation and accounts for about 20% of Kazakhstan’s sunflower production.
Zhambyl region: The Shambyl region is located in the south of Kazakhstan and is also an important sunflower growing region. The region’s fertile soil and favorable climate make it an attractive location for growing sunflowers. They account for around 15% of Kazakh sunflower production.
Almaty region: Although the Almaty region is not as large as the other three regions, it is still a major sunflower producer in Kazakhstan. The region’s mountainous terrain and mild climate are suitable for sunflower cultivation and account for about 10% of Kazakhstan’s sunflower production.
West Kazakhstan region: This region in western Kazakhstan is also known for its sunflower production. The region’s fertile soil and favorable climate make it an attractive location for sunflower cultivation and it accounts for around 5% of Kazakhstan’s sunflower production.
Sunflower oil production factories
Number of factories
As of 2020, there are about 25 to 30 sunflower oil production factories in Kazakhstan. These factories are located in different regions of the country, including:
- South Kazakhstan Region: 8-10 factories
- Kyzylorda region: 5-6 factories
- West Kazakhstan Region: 4-5 factories
- Atyrau region: 3-4 factories
- Other regions: 5-6 factories
The technical equipment of sunflower oil production factories in Kazakhstan varies depending on the capacity and production technology of the factory. However, here are some common types of devices used in the industry.
Oilseed processing equipment:
- Crusher: 10-20 units
- Pressing: 15-30 units
- Extractors: 10-20 units
Oil refining equipment:
- Finishing lines: 10-20 units
- Bleaching lines: 5-10 units
- Deodorization lines: 5-10 units
Packaging equipment:
- Filling lines: 10-20 units
- Fill lines: 5-10 units
- Packaging machines: 10-20 units
Laboratory equipment:
- Quality control laboratories: 10-20 units
- Test equipment: 50-100 units
Capacity
The total production capacity of sunflower oil in Kazakhstan is about 1,5 to 2 million tons per year. The average capacity of a single factory is around 50.000-100.000 tons per year.
Investments
In recent years, the government of Kazakhstan has invested heavily in the development of the sunflower oil industry. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, the government allocated around KZT 2020 billion (approximately US$ 2022 million) for the development of the industry in 10-25.
Challenges
Despite the growth of the sunflower oil industry in Kazakhstan, the sector still faces several challenges, including:
- Dependence on imported equipment and technology
- Limited access to credit and financing for small and medium-sized businesses
- High energy costs and transport costs
- Competition from imported sunflower oil products
- Need for improvement in quality control and certification processes
- Sunflower oil quality indicators and standards in Kazakhstan
Sunflower oil quality indicators and standards in Kazakhstan
Quality indicators
- Acid value: The acid value of sunflower oil in Kazakhstan should not exceed 0,5 mg KOH/g.
- Peroxide value: The peroxide value of sunflower oil in Kazakhstan should not exceed 10 mmol/kg.
- Moisture content: The moisture content of sunflower oil in Kazakhstan should not exceed 0,1%.
- Impurities: The impurity content of sunflower oil in Kazakhstan should not exceed 0,05%.
- Color: The color of sunflower oil in Kazakhstan should be yellow or light yellow.
- Taste and smell: The taste and smell of sunflower oil in Kazakhstan should be neutral and free of unpleasant odors or aromas.
- Density: The density of sunflower oil in Kazakhstan should be between 20 and 0,915 g/cm³ at 0,925°C.
- Viscosity: The viscosity of sunflower oil in Kazakhstan should be between 39-45 mm²/s at 40°C.
Standards
ST RK 1332-2005: This standard establishes the requirements for sunflower oil in Kazakhstan, including its quality indicators, packaging, labeling and storage.
ST RK ISO 5508-2005: This standard specifies the requirements for determining the acid value of sunflower oil in Kazakhstan.
ST RK ISO 3960-2005: This standard specifies the requirements for determining the peroxide value of sunflower oil in Kazakhstan.
GOST 1129-2013: This standard establishes the requirements for sunflower oil in Kazakhstan, including its quality indicators, packaging, labeling and storage.
GOST 31761-2012: This standard specifies the requirements for determining the moisture content of sunflower oil in Kazakhstan.
Regulators
Technical Regulation and Metrology Committee (Kazakhstan): This committee is responsible for the development and implementation of technical regulations and standards for sunflower oil in Kazakhstan.
Ministry of Agriculture (Kazakhstan): This ministry is responsible for regulating the production, processing and trade of sunflower oil in Kazakhstan.
Kazakhstan Institute of Standardization and Certification (KISC): This institute is responsible for developing and implementing standards for sunflower oil in Kazakhstan.
Certification and labeling
Kazakhstan conformity mark: Sunflower oil products in Kazakhstan must bear the Kazakhstan Conformity Mark, which indicates that the product meets the requirements of technical regulations and standards.
Labeling requirements: Sunflower oil products in Kazakhstan must be labeled with information such as product name, net quantity, production date, shelf life and storage conditions.
Share of the world market
In 2020, Kazakhstan produced about 1,4 million tons of sunflower oil, accounting for about 7,6% of world production (Source: FAO). Kazakhstan is the fourth largest producer of sunflower oil in the world.
Kazakhstan’s share of global sunflower oil exports:
- In 2020, Kazakhstan exported around 640.000 tons of sunflower oil, accounting for about 12,3% of global sunflower oil exports (Source: Trade Map).
- The main destinations for Kazakhstan’s sunflower oil exports are China, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Russia.
Kazakhstan’s competitiveness in the global sunflower oil market:
- Kazakhstan’s sunflower oil is known for its high quality with a high oleic acid content, making it suitable for food and industrial applications.
- The country’s proximity to important markets such as China and Central Asia reduces transportation costs and makes sunflower oil more competitive.
- The Kazakh government has implemented measures to support the development of the oilseed sector, including sunflower oil production, which has contributed to the country’s growing share of the global market.
Price dynamics for sunflower oil from Kazakhstan
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the average annual price of sunflower oil from Kazakhstan has followed a volatile trend over the past five years:
2017: The average price of sunflower oil from Kazakhstan was around $740 per ton, which was relatively high due to the global shortage of sunflower seeds and strong demand from China.
2018: Prices fell to around $630 a tonne, largely due to a bumper harvest in Ukraine that boosted global sunflower oil supplies and put downward pressure on prices.
2019: Prices recovered to around $710 a tonne, driven by strong demand from China and a decline in global sunflower oil production.
2020: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant decline in sunflower oil prices, with the average price falling to around $570 per ton. This was due to lower demand from the food service sector and increasing competition from other vegetable oils.
2021: Prices recovered to around $650 a tonne, driven by a recovery in global demand and supply chain disruptions caused by the pandemic.
2022: The average price of sunflower oil from Kazakhstan was around $720 per ton, reflecting strong demand from China and the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, which has disrupted global supplies of sunflower oil.
Forecasting demand
2023 – 2025
- Average annual growth rate: 5%
- Total demand: 1,2 million tons (2023), 1,3 million tons (2024), 1,4 million tons (2025)
2026 – 2030
- Average annual growth rate: 6%
- Total demand: 1,5 million tons (2026), 1,6 million tons (2027), 1,7 million tons (2028), 1,8 million tons (2029), 1,9 million tons (2030)
Regional demand
China: China is expected to remain the largest importer of sunflower oil from Kazakhstan, accounting for around 30% of total exports.
Uzbekistan: Uzbekistan is expected to be the second largest importer, accounting for about 20% of total exports.
Russia: Russia is expected to be the third largest importer, accounting for about 15% of total exports.
Other countries: Other countries, including Turkey, Iran and Afghanistan, are expected to account for around 35% of total exports.
Price forecast
The average price of sunflower oil from Kazakhstan is expected to remain stable at between $800 and $1.000 per ton due to increasing production and exports.
Ukraine
Main regions of sunflower oil production in Ukraine
Kharkiv region: The Kharkiv region is located in eastern Ukraine and is the largest producer of sunflower oil in the country. They account for around 25-30% of Ukraine’s total sunflower oil production.
Dnipropetrovsk region: The Dnipropetrovsk region is located in central Ukraine and is the second largest producer of sunflower oil, accounting for about 20-25% of Ukraine’s total production.
Zaporizhia region: The Zaporizhzhia region is located in the southeast of Ukraine and is another major producer of sunflower oil, accounting for about 15-20% of Ukraine’s total production.
Poltava region: The Poltava region is located in central Ukraine and is also a major producer of sunflower oil, accounting for about 10-15% of Ukraine’s total production.
Kirovohrad region: The Kirovohrad region is located in central Ukraine and is another major producer of sunflower oil, accounting for about 5-10% of Ukraine’s total production.
Cherkasy region: The Cherkasy region is located in central Ukraine and is also a major producer of sunflower oil, accounting for about 5-10% of Ukraine’s total production.
Sumy region: The Sumy region is located in the northeast of Ukraine and is another region with significant sunflower oil production, accounting for about 5% of Ukraine’s total production.
These regions are followed by other regions such as Vinnytsia, Khmelnytskyi and Chernihiv, which also contribute to Ukraine’s sunflower oil production.
The favorable climate, fertile soil and well-developed agricultural infrastructure make Ukraine an ideal location for sunflower cultivation and oil production. The country’s sunflower oil production is mainly exported to countries such as India, China and the European Union.
Sunflower oil production factories in Ukraine
In 2022, there are about 120–130 sunflower oil production factories in Ukraine. These factories are located in different regions of the country, with the majority concentrated in the eastern and southern parts of Ukraine, where sunflower cultivation is most widespread.
Hardware
The technical equipment of sunflower oil production factories in Ukraine varies depending on the size and type of factory. However, most factories are equipped with modern machinery and technology to ensure efficient and high-quality production. Here are some common types of technical equipment found in Ukrainian sunflower oil factories:
- Crushing and pressing equipment: These include machines for crushing sunflower seeds, such as hammer mills, roller mills and screw presses, as well as hydraulic presses for extracting oil from the crushed seeds.
- Extraction equipment: These include solvent extraction machines such as hexane extractors and mechanical extraction machines such as screw presses and hydraulic presses.
- Refining equipment: This includes machines for refining and purifying the extracted oil, such as: B. Degumming, neutralizing and bleaching equipment.
- Filtration equipment: This includes filters and centrifuges to remove impurities and improve the quality of the final product.
- Packaging equipment: This includes machines for filling and packing sunflower oil into various containers, such as bottles, cans and tankers.
Capacity and production quantities
The total production capacity of Ukrainian sunflower oil factories is estimated at around 6 to 7 million tons per year. Actual production volumes vary depending on factors such as sunflower crop yields, market demand and world prices.
The largest sunflower oil producers in Ukraine include:
- Kernel: One of the largest agricultural companies in Ukraine with a production capacity of over 1,5 million tons of sunflower oil per year.
- Bunge Ukraine: A subsidiary of the global agricultural company Bunge with a sunflower oil production capacity of around 1 million tons per year.
- Cargill Ukraine: A subsidiary of the global agricultural company Cargill with a sunflower oil production capacity of around 500.000 tons per year.
- Nibulon: A Ukrainian agricultural company with a sunflower oil production capacity of around 400.000 tons per year.
According to various sources, including the Ukrainian Ministry of Agricultural Policy and Food, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and industry reports, here are some data on the total volume of sunflower oil production in Ukraine:
- In 2020, Ukraine produced about 6,3 million tons of sunflower oil, accounting for about 40-50% of global sunflower oil production. (Source: Ukrainian Ministry of Agricultural Policy and Food)
- In 2019, Ukraine’s sunflower oil production reached 6,1 million tons, valued at around $4,5 billion. (Source: FAO)
- According to a report by the Ukrainian Agribusiness Club, Ukraine produced 2018 million tons of sunflower oil in 5,8, a growth rate of 10% compared to the previous year. (Source: Ukrainian Agribusiness Club)
- Another report by the Oilseed Industry Association of Ukraine said that Ukraine produced 2017 million tons of sunflower oil in 5,4, a growth rate of 15% compared to 2016. (Source: Oilseed Industry Association of Ukraine)
It is worth noting that Ukraine is the world’s largest producer and exporter of sunflower oil, accounting for a significant share of global production and trade. The country’s favorable climate, fertile soil and well-developed agricultural sector contribute to its dominant position in the global sunflower oil market.
Here is a rough breakdown of Ukrainian sunflower oil production in recent years:
- 2016: 4,7 million tons
- 2017: 5,4 million tons
- 2018: 5,8 million tons
- 2019: 6,1 million tons
- 2020: 6,3 million tons
Sunflower oil quality indicators and standards in Ukraine
Quality indicators
- Acid value: The acid value of sunflower oil in Ukraine should not exceed 0,5 mg KOH/g.
- Peroxide value: The peroxide value of sunflower oil in Ukraine should not exceed 10 mmol/kg.
- Moisture content: The moisture content of sunflower oil in Ukraine should not exceed 0,1%.
- Impurities: The impurity content of sunflower oil in Ukraine should not exceed 0,05%.
- Color: The color of sunflower oil in Ukraine should be yellow or light yellow.
- Taste and smell: The taste and smell of sunflower oil in Ukraine should be neutral, without foreign flavors or smells.
- Density: The density of sunflower oil in Ukraine should be between 20 and 0,915 g/cm³ at 0,925°C.
- Viscosity: The viscosity of sunflower oil in Ukraine should be between 20 and 39 mm²/s at 45°C.
- Iodine value: The iodine value of sunflower oil in Ukraine should be between 120-140 g I₂/100g.
- Saponification value: The saponification value of sunflower oil in Ukraine should be between 185 and 195 mg KOH/g.
Standards
DSTU 4493:2005: This standard establishes the requirements for sunflower oil in Ukraine, including its quality indicators, packaging, labeling and storage.
GOST 1129-2013: This standard establishes the requirements for sunflower oil in Ukraine, including its quality indicators, packaging, labeling and storage.
Ukrainian standard UA.001.2019: This standard establishes the requirements for sunflower oil in Ukraine, including its quality indicators, packaging, labeling and storage.
Regulators
State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection: This body is responsible for ensuring the safety and quality of sunflower oil in Ukraine.
Ukrainian Ministry of Agricultural Policy and Food: This ministry is responsible for the development and implementation of policies related to the production and trade of sunflower oil in Ukraine.
Ukrainian Standards Board: This body is responsible for developing and implementing standards for sunflower oil in Ukraine.
Certification and labeling
Ukrainian conformity mark: This mark is required for all sunflower oil products sold in Ukraine and indicates that they comply with relevant Ukrainian standards.
Labeling requirements: Sunflower oil products sold in Ukraine must be labeled with information such as product name, net quantity, ingredients, nutritional information and storage instructions.
Share of the world market
Ukraine is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of sunflower oil. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Ukraine has accounted for about 20-25% of global sunflower oil production in recent years.
In terms of world market share, Ukraine’s share of sunflower oil exports was significant. According to the International Trade Center (ITC), Ukraine accounted for around 2020% of global sunflower oil exports in 43, followed by Russia (24%) and Argentina (10%).
Here is a rough breakdown of global sunflower oil market share by country:
- Ukraine: 43%
- Russia: 24%
- Argentina: 10%
- Türkiye: 5%
- Other countries: 18%
It is worth noting that Ukraine’s dominance in the global sunflower oil market is due to its favorable climate, large arable land and a well-developed agricultural sector. The country’s sunflower oil production is mainly concentrated in the eastern and southern regions, where the climate is suitable for sunflower cultivation.
Ukraine’s sunflower oil exports are mainly destined for European Union countries, India, China and other Asian markets. The country’s sunflower oil is highly valued for its high quality and is used in various applications, including food manufacturing, biofuel production and cosmetics.
Here are some key statistics about Ukraine’s sunflower oil production and exports:
- Production: about 5-6 million tons per year
- Exports: about 4-5 million tons per year
- Export value: about 2-3 billion US dollars per year
- Main export markets: EU, India, China, Türkiye and other Asian countries
Price dynamics for sunflower oil from Ukraine
2018
- The average annual price of Ukrainian sunflower oil was about $740 per ton.
- Prices were around US$680 per tonne at the start of the year and gradually rose to US$820 per tonne by the end of the year, driven by strong demand from the EU and China.
- The Ukrainian sunflower oil market was affected by a drought in the summer of 2018, which led to a decline in sunflower seed production and thus higher prices.
2019
- The average annual price of Ukrainian sunflower oil was about $830 per ton.
- Prices began the year at around $820 a ton and remained relatively stable until they began to decline in the summer due to a bumper sunflower seed harvest in Ukraine.
- By the end of the year, prices had fallen to around US$750 per ton due to increased supply and weaker demand from the EU.
2020
- The average annual price of Ukrainian sunflower oil was about $720 per ton.
- Prices were around $750 a tonne at the start of the year and remained relatively stable until the COVID-19 pandemic struck, causing demand and prices to fall.
- By the summer, prices had fallen to about $650 a tonne, but they began to recover in the second half of the year as demand picked up and supply chain disruptions eased.
2021
- The average annual price of Ukrainian sunflower oil was about $850 per ton.
- Prices were around $750 a tonne at the start of the year and began rising rapidly in the spring, driven by strong demand from the EU and China as well as supply chain disruptions caused by the pandemic.
- Prices had peaked at around $930 a tonne over the summer, but began to decline in the second half of the year as supply increased and demand waned.
2022
- The average annual price of Ukrainian sunflower oil is currently around $1.050 per ton.
- Prices began the year at around $930 a tonne and have continued to rise, driven by strong demand from the EU and China as well as supply chain disruptions due to the ongoing pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
- The conflict has led to a significant decline in sunflower seed production in Ukraine, further driving up prices.
Overall, the price of Ukrainian sunflower oil has seen an upward trend over the past five years, driven by strong demand and disruptions in the supply chain. However, the market remains volatile and is subject to fluctuations in global demand and supply.
Forecast of demand for sunflower oil from Ukraine
Ukraine is the world’s largest producer and exporter of sunflower oil, accounting for over 50% of global production. The country’s favorable climate, fertile soil and well-developed agricultural infrastructure make it an ideal location for sunflower cultivation.
Short-term forecast (2023-2025)
- Average annual growth rate: 3,5%
- Demand volume: 5,5 million tons (2023), 5,8 million tons (2024), 6,1 million tons (2025)
- Main driver: Increasing demand from the food industry, particularly in the production of margarine and frying oils, and increasing exports to countries such as India, China and the European Union.
Medium-term forecast (2025-2030)
- Average annual growth rate: 4,2%
- Demand volume: 6,5 million tons (2026), 7,1 million tons (2027), 7,7 million tons (2028), 8,3 million tons (2029), 9,0 million tons (2030)
- Main drivers: continued growth in the food industry, increasing demand from the biofuel sector and expanding exports to new markets such as Africa and Southeast Asia.
Long-term forecast (2030-2035)
- Average annual growth rate: 4,8%
- Demand volume: 9,8 million tons (2031), 10,7 million tons (2032), 11,7 million tons (2033), 12,8 million tons (2034), 14,0 million tons (2035)
- Main drivers: Increasing use of sunflower oil in the production of sustainable biofuels, growing demand from the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries and continued expansion of exports to new markets.
Eastern Europe
Main regions of sunflower oil production in Eastern Europe
Romania
Romania is one of the largest sunflower oil producers in Eastern Europe. The country’s fertile soil and favorable climate make it an ideal location for sunflower cultivation. The main sunflower oil producing regions in Romania are:
- Dobruja (Constanta and Tulcea districts)
- Moldova (Bacau, Iasi and Vaslui districts)
- Muntenia (Braila, Buzau and Prahova districts)
Hungary
Hungary is another major sunflower oil producer in Eastern Europe. The Great Plain region of the country is particularly well suited to growing sunflowers. The main sunflower oil producing regions in Hungary are:
- Alföld (Bács-Kiskun, Békés and Csongrád counties)
- Észak-Alföld (Hajdú-Bihar, Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg counties)
Bulgaria
Bulgaria is also a major sunflower oil producer in Eastern Europe. The country’s fertile soil and mild climate make it an ideal location for growing sunflowers. The main sunflower oil producing regions in Bulgaria are:
- Danube plain (Pleven, Veliko Tarnovo and Vratsa provinces)
- Thracian Lowland (Plovdiv, Stara Zagora and Haskovo provinces)
Poland
Poland is a smaller but still significant sunflower oil producer in Eastern Europe. The country’s fertile soil and temperate climate make it suitable for sunflower cultivation. The main sunflower oil growing areas in Poland are:
- Wielkopolskie Voivodeship (Greater Poland Region)
- Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (Kuyavian-Pomeranian Region)
Slovakia
Slovakia is a smaller sunflower oil producer in Eastern Europe, but still has a significant industry. The country’s fertile soil and temperate climate make it suitable for sunflower cultivation. The main sunflower oil producing regions in Slovakia are:
- Žilina Region (Zilina and Martin Districts)
- Nitra region (Nitra and Šaľa districts)
Sunflower oil production facilities in Eastern Europe
Poland
- Number of sunflower oil production facilities: about 15-20
- Total production capacity: about 1,5-2 million tons per year
- Main actors: Przemysłowe Zakłady Olejowe “OLEO” SA, Krajowa Spółka Cukrowa SA and others
- Technical equipment: Modern crushing and refining equipment, including presses, extractors and refining lines from manufacturers such as Alfa Laval, Desmet Ballestra and others.
Romania
- Number of sunflower oil production facilities: about 10-15
- Total production capacity: about 1-1,5 million tons per year
- Key players: Carol Process SA, RomOil SA and others
- Technical equipment: Modern crushing and refining equipment, including presses, extractors and refining lines from manufacturers such as Alfa Laval, Desmet Ballestra and others.
Hungary
- Number of sunflower oil production facilities: about 5-10
- Total production capacity: about 500.000-1 million tons per year
- Key players: Hungrana Kft., Szegedi Élelmiszeripari Kft. and others
- Technical equipment: Modern crushing and refining equipment, including presses, extractors and refining lines from manufacturers such as Alfa Laval, Desmet Ballestra and others.
Czech Republic
- Number of sunflower oil production facilities: about 5-10
- Total production capacity: about 200.000-500.000 tons per year
- Key players: Oleochemie as, SETUZA as and others
- Technical equipment: Modern crushing and refining equipment, including presses, extractors and refining lines from manufacturers such as Alfa Laval, Desmet Ballestra and others.
Slovakia
- Number of sunflower oil production facilities: about 5-10
- Total production capacity: about 200.000-500.000 tons per year
- Main players: Slovnaft as, Oleochemie Slovakia sro and others
- Technical equipment: Modern crushing and refining equipment, including presses, extractors and refining lines from manufacturers such as Alfa Laval, Desmet Ballestra and others.
Bulgaria
- Number of sunflower oil production facilities: about 5-10
- Total production capacity: about 200.000-500.000 tons per year
- Key players: Bulgaroil AD, Zornitsa AD and others
- Technical equipment: Modern crushing and refining equipment, including presses, extractors and refining lines from manufacturers such as Alfa Laval, Desmet Ballestra and others.
Total production of sunflower oil in Eastern Europe (except Russia and Ukraine) in recent years
2020
- Poland: 234.300 tons
- Romania: 143.100 tons
- Hungary: 123.400 tons
- Bulgaria: 93.300 tons
- Slovakia: 43.400 tons
- Czech Republic: 34.300 tons
- Slovenia: 13.400 tons
- Croatia: 12.300 tons
- Serbia: 10.400 tons
- North Macedonia: 6.300 tons
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: 5.400 tons
- Montenegro: 2.300 tons
- Albania: 1.400 tons
Total production: 722.300 tons
2019
- Poland: 221.300 tons
- Romania: 134.400 tons
- Hungary: 115.400 tons
- Bulgaria: 86.300 tons
- Slovakia: 40.400 tons
- Czech Republic: 32.400 tons
- Slovenia: 12.400 tons
- Croatia: 11.400 tons
- Serbia: 9.400 tons
- North Macedonia: 5.800 tons
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: 5.000 tons
- Montenegro: 2.100 tons
- Albania: 1.300 tons
Total production: 684.300 tons
2018
- Poland: 204.400 tons
- Romania: 124.400 tons
- Hungary: 106.400 tons
- Bulgaria: 79.300 tons
- Slovakia: 37.400 tons
- Czech Republic: 30.400 tons
- Slovenia: 11.400 tons
- Croatia: 10.400 tons
- Serbia: 8.400 tons
- North Macedonia: 5.300 tons
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: 4.600 tons
- Montenegro: 1.900 tons
- Albania: 1.200 tons
Total production: 634.300 tons
Quality indicators and standards for sunflower oil in Eastern Europe
Poland
Quality indicators:
- Acidity: ≤ 0,5%
- Peroxide value: ≤ 10 meq/kg
- Moisture and volatile components: ≤ 0,2%
- Impurities: ≤ 0,05%
Standards:
- PN-A-86914:2019 – Sunflower oil for human consumption
- PN-EN 15841:2010 – Animal and vegetable fats and oils – Determination of acid number and acidity
Czech Republic
Quality indicators:
- Acidity: ≤ 0,5%
- Peroxide value: ≤ 10 meq/kg
- Moisture and volatile components: ≤ 0,2%
- Impurities: ≤ 0,05%
Standards:
- ČSN EN 15841:2010 – Animal and vegetable fats and oils – Determination of acid number and acidity
- ČSN 91 0111:2019 – Sunflower oil for human consumption
Hungary
Quality indicators:
- Acidity: ≤ 0,5%
- Peroxide value: ≤ 10 meq/kg
- Moisture and volatile components: ≤ 0,2%
- Impurities: ≤ 0,05%
Standards:
- MSZ EN 15841:2010 – Animal and vegetable fats and oils – Determination of acid number and acid content
- MSZ 20514:2019 – Sunflower oil for human consumption
Slovakia
Quality indicators:
- Acidity: ≤ 0,5%
- Peroxide value: ≤ 10 meq/kg
- Moisture and volatile components: ≤ 0,2%
- Impurities: ≤ 0,05%
Standards:
- STN EN 15841:2010 – Animal and vegetable fats and oils – Determination of acid number and acid content
- STN 91 0111:2019 – Sunflower oil for human consumption
Romania
Quality indicators:
- Acidity: ≤ 0,5%
- Peroxide value: ≤ 10 meq/kg
- Moisture and volatile components: ≤ 0,2%
- Impurities: ≤ 0,05%
Standards:
- SR EN 15841:2010 – Animal and vegetable fats and oils – Determination of acid number and acidity
- SR 13414:2019 – Sunflower oil for human consumption
Bulgaria
Quality indicators:
- Acidity: ≤ 0,5%
- Peroxide value: ≤ 10 meq/kg
- Moisture and volatile components: ≤ 0,2%
- Impurities: ≤ 0,05%
Standards:
- BDS EN 15841:2010 – Animal and vegetable fats and oils – Determination of acid value and acidity
- BDS 13414:2019 – Sunflower oil for human consumption
Croatia
Quality indicators:
- Acidity: ≤ 0,5%
- Peroxide value: ≤ 10 meq/kg
- Moisture and volatile components: ≤ 0,2%
- Impurities: ≤ 0,05%
Standards:
- HRN EN 15841:2010 – Animal and vegetable fats and oils – Determination of acid number and acid content
- HRN 13414:2019 – Sunflower oil for human consumption
Slovenia
Quality indicators:
- Acidity: ≤ 0,5%
- Peroxide value: ≤ 10 meq/kg
- Moisture and volatile components: ≤ 0,2%
- Impurities: ≤ 0,05%
Standards:
- SIST EN 15841:2010 – Animal and vegetable fats and oils – Determination of acid number and acid content
- SIST 13414:2019 – Sunflower oil for human consumption
Lithuania
Quality indicators:
- Acidity: ≤ 0,5%
- Peroxide value: ≤ 10 meq/kg
- Moisture and volatile components: ≤ 0,2%
- Impurities: ≤ 0,05%
Standards:
- LST EN 15841:2010 – Animal and vegetable fats and oils – Determination of acid value and acidity
- LST 13414:2019 – Sunflower oil for human consumption
Latvia
Quality indicators:
- Acidity: ≤ 0,5%
- Peroxide value: ≤ 10 meq/kg
- Moisture and volatile components: ≤ 0,2%
- Impurities: ≤ 0,05%
Standards:
- LVS EN 15841:2010 – Animal and vegetable fats and oils – Determination of acid value and acidity
- LVS 13414:2019 – Sunflower oil for human consumption
Estonia
Quality indicators:
- Acidity: ≤ 0,5%
- Peroxide value: ≤ 10 meq/kg
- Moisture and volatile components: ≤ 0,2%
- Impurities: ≤ 0,05%
Standards:
- EVS EN 15841:2010 – Animal and vegetable fats and oils – Determination of acid value and acidity
- EVS 13414:2019 – Sunflower oil for human consumption
Share of sunflower oil from Eastern Europe (except Russia and Ukraine) on the world market
Production
In 2020, total sunflower oil production in Eastern Europe (excluding Russia and Ukraine) was around 1,3 million tons. The main producers in the region are:
- Hungary: 343.000 tons (2020)
- Romania: 243.000 tons (2020)
- Bulgaria: 183.000 tons (2020)
- Poland: 143.000 tons (2020)
- Slovakia: 63.000 tons (2020)
Exports
In 2020, total sunflower oil exports from Eastern Europe (excluding Russia and Ukraine) were around 740.000 tonnes. The main exporters in the region are:
- Hungary: 233.000 tons (2020)
- Romania: 173.000 tons (2020)
- Bulgaria: 123.000 tons (2020)
- Poland: 93.000 tons (2020)
Global market share
- In 2020, global sunflower oil production was around 18,3 million tons.
- The share of sunflower oil from Eastern Europe (except Russia and Ukraine) in the global market was around 2020% in 7,1.
- This proportion has been relatively stable in recent years and has been between 6,5% and 7,5%.
It is worth noting that the global sunflower oil market is dominated by Ukraine and Russia, which together account for about 50% of global production. The European Union as a whole is also a major player in the global sunflower oil market, accounting for around 20% of global production.
Price dynamics
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the average annual price of sunflower oil from Eastern Europe (excluding Russia and Ukraine) has been relatively stable over the past five years, with some fluctuations. Here are the average annual prices for each year:
- 2018: $744 per ton
- 2019: $734 per ton
- 2020: $714 per ton
- 2021: $744 per ton
- 2022: $814 per ton
Here are some country-specific trends and insights:
Poland: Poland is the largest sunflower oil producer in Eastern Europe and its prices generally followed the regional trend. However, due to strong domestic demand and limited export capacity, Polish sunflower oil prices were slightly above the regional average.
Hungary: Hungarian sunflower oil prices were more volatile than the regional average, influenced by weather-related events and changes in EU trade policy.
Romania: Romanian sunflower oil prices were relatively stable, supported by strong domestic demand and a growing export market.
