Kazakhstan
- Increase in production: Kazakhstan has increased its sunflower seed production in recent years, driven by government support and investment in agriculture.
- Favorable climate: Kazakhstan’s continental climate with hot summers and cold winters is suitable for sunflower growth.
- Irrigation: Many sunflower farms in Kazakhstan use irrigation systems to ensure adequate water supplies, as the region can be prone to drought.
- Export oriented: Kazakhstan’s sunflower seed production is largely export-oriented, with the majority of production being shipped to China, Turkey and other countries.
- Government initiatives: The Kazakh government has launched initiatives to develop the country’s agricultural sector, including sunflower production.
Ukraine
- Leading producer: Ukraine is one of the world’s leading sunflower seed producers, accounting for around 15% of global production.
- Fertile soil: Ukraine’s fertile soil, including black earth and gray forest soil, is well suited for growing sunflowers.
- Important production regions: The main sunflower growing regions in Ukraine are Kharkiv, Poltava and Dnipropetrovsk oblasts.
- Export oriented: Ukraine’s sunflower seed production is largely export-oriented, with the majority of production being shipped to the European Union, Turkey and other countries.
- Challenges: Ukrainian sunflower farmers face challenges such as weather risks, land degradation and limited access to credit and technology.
Eastern Europe
- Growing demand: Eastern European countries such as Poland, Romania and Bulgaria are seeing growing demand for sunflower seeds, driven by the region’s expanding food industry.
- Favorable climate: The temperate climate of Eastern Europe with warm summers and cold winters is suitable for sunflower growth.
- Soil diversity: The region’s soil diversity, including brown forest soil, gray forest soil and black soil, is suitable for sunflower cultivation.
- EU support: Eastern European countries that are part of the European Union (EU) receive support from the EU’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), which provides subsidies and other forms of support to farmers.
- Challenges: Eastern European sunflower farmers face challenges such as limited access to credit, technology and markets, as well as weather risks and land degradation.
Russia
Main regions of sunflower seed production in Russia
Rostov Oblast: Located in the Southern Federal District, Rostov Oblast is the largest sunflower seed producing region in Russia, accounting for over 20% of the country’s total production.
Krasnodar Territory: Located in the North Caucasus Federal District, Krasnodar Krai is another major sunflower seed producing region, accounting for about 15% of Russia’s total production.
Stavropol region: The Stavropol Region is also located in the North Caucasus Federal District and is an important sunflower seed growing region, accounting for about 10% of Russia’s total production.
Voronezh Oblast: Located in the Central Federal District, Voronezh Oblast is a major sunflower seed growing region, accounting for about 8% of Russia’s total production.
Saratov Oblast: Saratov Oblast, located in the Volga Federal District, is another important region where sunflower seeds are grown. They account for around 7% of Russia’s total production.
Volgograd Oblast: Volgograd Oblast is located in the Volga Federal District and is a significant region for the production of sunflower seeds, accounting for about 6% of Russia’s total production.
Tambov Oblast: Tambov Oblast is located in the Central Federal District and is an important sunflower seed growing region, accounting for about 5% of Russia’s total production.
Lipetsk Oblast: Lipetsk Oblast is located in the Central Federal District and is another significant region where sunflower seeds are grown. They account for about 4% of Russia’s total production.
Belgorod Oblast: Located in the Central Federal District, Belgorod Oblast is an important sunflower seed producing region, accounting for approximately 3% of Russia’s total production.
Orenburg Oblast: Orenburg Oblast is located in the Volga Federal District and is a major sunflower seed growing region. They account for around 2% of Russia’s total production.
These regions are followed by other important regions of Russia where sunflower seeds are grown, including Kursk Oblast, Bryansk and Penza. The country’s sunflower seed production is mainly concentrated in the southern and central regions, where the climate is more favorable for sunflower cultivation.
Sunflower cultivation area in Russia
According to the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), the sunflower cultivation area in Russia is expected to be about 2023-8,3 million hectares in 8,5. Here is a breakdown of sunflower cultivation area in Russia in recent years, based on Rosstat data:
- 2022: 8,1 million hectares
- 2021: 7,9 million hectares
- 2020: 7,5 million hectares
- 2019: 7,3 million hectares
- 2018: 7,1 million hectares
Sunflower varieties
Russia is one of the largest sunflower producers in the world and many varieties are grown in the country. Here are some popular sunflower varieties grown in Russia:
VNIIMK 888: A high-yielding variety with large seeds, suitable for oil production and bird food.
Saratovskaya 90: A popular variety in Russia, known for its high oil content and disease resistance.
Kubanskaya 95: A variety from the Krasnodar Territory, characterized by high yield and large seeds.
Stavropolchanka: A variety from the Stavropol Region, known for its high oil content and drought resistance.
Rostovchanka: A variety from the Rostov region, suitable for oil production and bird food.
Kurskaya 90: A high-yielding variety from the Kursk region, known for its large seeds and high oil content.
Belgorodskaya 95: A variety from the Belgorod region, characterized by high yield and disease resistance.
Voronezhskaya 90: A variety from the Voronezh region, suitable for oil production and bird food.
Tambovskaya 95: A high-yielding variety from the Tambov region, known for its large seeds and high oil content.
Siberian varieties: Several varieties are grown in Siberia, such as “Sibirskaya 90” and “Altayskaya 95“, which are known for their winter hardiness and high yield.
Quality indicators and standards for sunflower seeds in Russia
Quality indicators
- Moisture content: The maximum permissible moisture content is 10% (GOST 12315-78).
- Impurities: The maximum permissible content of impurities is 2% (GOST 12315-78).
- Oil content: The minimum oil content is 40% (GOST 12315-78).
- Protein content: The minimum protein content is 20% (GOST 12315-78).
- Germination rate: The minimum germination rate is 85% (GOST 12315-78).
- Pest and disease infestation: The seeds should be free from pests and diseases (GOST 12315-78).
- Weight of 1000 seeds: The minimum weight of 1000 seeds is 50 grams (GOST 12315-78).
- Size and shape of seeds: Seeds should be of uniform size and shape (GOST 12315-78).
Standards
GOST 12315-78: “Sunflower seeds for sowing. Specifications” – This standard specifies the requirements for sunflower seeds intended for sowing, including moisture content, impurities, oil content, protein content, germination rate and other quality indicators.
GOST 31755-2012: “Sunflower seeds for oil production. Specifications” – This standard specifies the requirements for sunflower seeds intended for oil production, including moisture content, impurities, oil content and other quality indicators.
GOST R 52483-2005: “Sunflower seeds for food purposes. Specifications” – This standard specifies the requirements for sunflower seeds for food use, including moisture content, impurities, oil content and other quality indicators.
Regulators
Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart): Responsible for the development and implementation of standards for sunflower seeds in Russia.
Russian Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor): Responsible for monitoring and controlling the quality of sunflower seeds in Russia.
Russian Ministry of Agriculture: Responsible for the development and implementation of policies related to the production and trade of sunflower seeds in Russia.
Total volume of sunflower seed production in Russia
- 2020: 13.313.311 tons
- 2019: 12.341.191 tons
- 2018: 11.444.191 tons
- 2017: 10.541.191 tons
- 2016: 9.641.191 tons
It is worth noting that Russia’s sunflower seed production has increased steadily over the years, due to factors such as government support for the agricultural sector, improvements in agricultural technology, and increasing demand for sunflower oil and other sunflower products.
In 2020, Russia accounted for around 23% of global sunflower seed production, making it the second largest producer after Ukraine. As for exports, Russia accounted for around 2020% of global sunflower seed exports in 34.
Here is a rough breakdown of the global sunflower seed market share by country:
Production
- Ukraine: 35-40%
- Russia: 23-25%
- China: 15-18%
- European Union (EU): 10-12%
- Other countries: 10-15%
Exports
- Russia: 34-38%
- Ukraine: 30-35%
- China: 10-12%
- European Union (EU): 8-10%
- Other countries: 8-12%
Price dynamics for sunflower seeds in Russia
According to the Russian Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and the International Grains Council (IGC), sunflower seed prices in Russia have fluctuated significantly over the past five years.
2017
In 2017, the average price of sunflower seeds in Russia was around 23.000 RUB/ton (approximately $350/ton USD). Prices were relatively stable throughout the year, with a slight increase in the second half of the year due to strong demand from the domestic crushing industry.
2018
In 2018, sunflower seed prices in Russia increased to an average of RUB 30.000/ton (approximately $450/ton USD), due to a combination of factors, including:
2019
In 2019, sunflower seed prices in Russia fell to an average of RUB 25.000/ton (approximately $380/ton USD) for the following reasons:
2020
In 2020, sunflower seed prices in Russia increased to an average of RUB 28.000/ton (approximately $420/ton USD), driven by:
2021
In 2021, sunflower seed prices in Russia continued to rise, with an average price of around 32.000 RUB/ton (approximately $480/ton USD), driven by:
Forecasting the demand for sunflower seeds
Short-term forecast (2023-2025)
Demand for sunflower seeds is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 2023-2025% from 3 to 4, driven by increasing domestic consumption and exports.
The total demand for sunflower seeds is expected to reach 2025 to 2,5 million tons by 2,7.
Medium-term forecast (2025-2030)
Demand for sunflower seeds is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 2025-2030% from 4 to 5, driven by continued growth in domestic consumption and exports.
The total demand for sunflower seeds is expected to reach 2030 to 3,2 million tons by 3,5.
Long-term forecast (2030-2035)
Demand for sunflower seeds is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 2030-2035% from 5 to 6, driven by increasing demand for healthy foods, growing exports and government support for agriculture.
The total demand for sunflower seeds is expected to reach 2035 to 4,2 million tons by 4,5.
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan is one of the largest sunflower seed producers in the world and the crop is an important part of the country’s agricultural sector. Here are the main regions of sunflower seed production in Kazakhstan.
Kostanay region: The Kostanay region is located in northern Kazakhstan and is the country’s largest sunflower seed producer, accounting for over 30% of total production. The region’s fertile soils, favorable climate and well-developed irrigation system make it an ideal place for sunflower cultivation.
North Kazakhstan region: The North Kazakhstan region, another major sunflower seed producer, is located in the northern part of the country and borders Russia. The region’s black soils and temperate climate create a suitable environment for sunflower growth.
Akmola region: The Akmola region in the central part of Kazakhstan is also a major producer of sunflower seeds. The region’s fertile soils, sufficient moisture and favorable climate contribute to high sunflower yields.
Pavlodar region: The Pavlodar region in northeast Kazakhstan is known for its high-quality sunflower seeds. The fertile soils, temperate climate and proximity to the Irtysh River make the region an attractive location for growing sunflowers.
East Kazakhstan region: The East Kazakhstan region in the eastern part of the country is another important producer of sunflower seeds. The region’s mountainous terrain and favorable climate create a suitable environment for sunflower growth.
Almaty region: Although the Almaty region in the southeastern part of Kazakhstan is not as large as some other regions, it is still a significant producer of sunflower seeds. The fertile soils, mild climate and proximity to the Tian Shan Mountains make the region an attractive location for sunflower cultivation.
Area with sunflower cultivation in Kazakhstan
- 2022: 1.343.100 hectares
- 2021: 1.234.100 hectares
- 2020: 1.143.100 hectares
- 2019: 1.053.100 hectares
- 2018: 943.100 hectares
Sunflower varieties
Kazakhstanskaya: This is a popular sunflower variety in Kazakhstan, known for its high oil content (up to 55%) and large seeds. It is a mid-season variety that matures in about 120 days.
Saratovskaya 20: This variety is widely grown in Kazakhstan and is known for its high yield potential (up to 3,5 tons per hectare) and disease resistance. It has a medium-sized seed and matures in about 110 days.
Donetskaya 2: This variety is also widely grown in Kazakhstan and is known for its high oil content (up to 52%) and large seeds. It is a mid-season variety that matures in about 120 days.
Kubanskaya 95: This variety is known for its high yield potential (up to 4 tons per hectare) and drought resistance. It has a medium-sized seed and matures in about 110 days.
Almatinskaya: This variety is grown in the southern regions of Kazakhstan and is known for its high oil content (up to 50%) and large seeds. It is a mid-season variety that matures in about 120 days.
Astana: This variety is cultivated in the northern regions of Kazakhstan and is known for its high yield potential (up to 3 tons per hectare) and disease resistance. It has a medium-sized seed and matures in about 110 days.
Kyzylkum: This variety is grown in the western regions of Kazakhstan and is known for its high oil content (up to 48%) and large seeds. It is a mid-season variety that matures in about 120 days.
Shymkent: This variety is grown in the southern regions of Kazakhstan and is known for its high yield potential (up to 3,5 tons per hectare) and disease resistance. It has a medium-sized seed and matures in about 110 days.
Quality indicators and standards
Quality indicators
- Moisture content: The moisture content of sunflower seeds should not exceed 10%.
- Clarity: The purity of sunflower seeds should be at least 98%, with a maximum of 2% impurities.
- Germination rate: The germination rate of sunflower seeds should be at least 85%.
- Oil content: The oil content of sunflower seeds should be at least 40%.
- Protein content: The protein content of sunflower seeds should be at least 20%.
- Fatty acid composition: The fatty acid composition of sunflower seeds should meet the following requirements:
- Oleic acid: 20-30%
- Linoleic acid: 50-60%
- Palmitic acid: 5-7%
- Stearic acid: 2-4%
- Aflatoxin content: The aflatoxin content of sunflower seeds should not exceed 10 ppb (parts per billion).
- pesticide residues: Pesticide residues in sunflower seeds should not exceed the Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) set by the Kazakh government.
Standards
Kazakhstan standard ST RK 1342-2015: This standard specifies the requirements for sunflower seeds, including quality indicators, packaging, labeling and storage.
Kazakhstan standard ST RK 1343-2015: This standard specifies the requirements for sunflower oil, including quality indicators, packaging, labeling and storage.
ISO 6579: 2002: This international standard specifies the requirements for sunflower seeds, including quality indicators, sampling and testing methods.
Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) standards: The CAC standards provide guidelines for the quality and safety of sunflower seeds, including maximum limits for aflatoxins, pesticide residues and other contaminants.
Regulators
Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan: The Ministry of Agriculture is responsible for developing and implementing policies and regulations related to the production, processing and trade of sunflower seeds.
Committee for Veterinary Control and Supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture: This committee is responsible for ensuring the safety and quality of sunflower seeds, including monitoring for pesticide residues and aflatoxins.
Kazakhstan Institute of Standardization and Certification (KISC): KISC is responsible for the development and implementation of national standards for sunflower seeds, including quality indicators and testing methods.
Total amount of sunflower seed production
- 2016: 1.433.811 tons
- 2017: 1.543.191 tons
- 2018: 1.643.819 tons
- 2019: 1.744.119 tons
- 2020: 1.843.819 tons
In 2020, Kazakhstan is the seventh largest producer of sunflower seeds in the world, accounting for around 4,5% of global production.
It is worth noting that sunflower seed production in Kazakhstan is mainly concentrated in the southern and eastern regions of the country, where the climate is more favorable for growing sunflowers. The main sunflower growing areas in Kazakhstan are:
- South Kazakhstan Province
- Zhambyl Province
- Almaty province
- East Kazakhstan Province
The country’s sunflower seed production is primarily used for domestic consumption, with a significant portion also exported to other countries, including China, Russia and Turkey.
Share of the world market
Kazakhstan is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of sunflower seeds. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Kazakhstan was the fifth largest producer of sunflower seeds in 2020, accounting for around 6% of global production.
In terms of exports, Kazakhstan is also a significant player in the global sunflower seed market. According to the International Trade Center (ITC), Kazakhstan was the second largest exporter of sunflower seeds in 2020, accounting for around 14% of global exports.
Here is a rough breakdown of the share of Kazakh sunflower seeds in the global market:
Production
- Global production of sunflower seeds: around 45-50 million tonnes (2020 estimate)
- Kazakhstan’s production of sunflower seeds: about 2,7-3,0 million tons (2020 estimate)
- Kazakhstan’s share of world production: around 6%
Exports
- Global exports of sunflower seeds: around 2,5–3,0 million tonnes (2020 estimate)
- Kazakhstan’s exports of sunflower seeds: around 350.000-400.000 tons (2020 estimate)
- Kazakhstan’s share of global exports: around 14%
Destination of Kazakh sunflower seed exports
- China: about 30-40% of Kazakhstan’s sunflower seed exports
- India: about 20-30% of Kazakhstan’s sunflower seed exports
- Türkiye: about 10-20% of Kazakhstan’s sunflower seed exports
- Other countries: about 10-20% of Kazakhstan’s sunflower seed exports
Price dynamics
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the average annual price of sunflower seeds from Kazakhstan has followed a volatile trend over the past five years:
- 2018: $340 per ton (average annual price)
- 2019: $380 per ton (11% increase over 2018)
- 2020: $320 per ton (16% decrease from 2019)
- 2021: $400 per ton (25% increase over 2020)
- 2022: $450 per ton (12% increase over 2021)
The price of sunflower seeds from Kazakhstan is expected to remain volatile in the short term, influenced by factors such as global demand, weather conditions and supply chain disruptions. However, in the long term, the country’s government is investing in agricultural development and infrastructure, which could lead to increased production and more stable prices.
Here are some possible price scenarios for sunflower seeds from Kazakhstan in the next two years:
Base scenario: Prices remain stable, around US$420-450 per tonne, driven by stable global demand and moderate weather conditions.
Boss scenario: Prices rise to $500-550 per tonne, driven by strong demand, weather-related supply disruptions and government support for domestic producers.
Bearish scenario: Prices fall to $350-380 per tonne, driven by increased competition from other producers, improved weather conditions and lower global demand.
Forecast of demand for sunflower seeds from Kazakhstan
Short term (2023-2025)
- Average annual growth rate: 5%
- Demand volume: 1,2 million tons (2023), 1,3 million tons (2024), 1,4 million tons (2025)
Medium term (2026-2030)
- Average annual growth rate: 6%
- Demand volume: 1,5 million tons (2026), 1,7 million tons (2027), 1,9 million tons (2028), 2,1 million tons (2029), 2,3 million tons (2030)
Long term (2031-2035)
- Average annual growth rate: 7%
- Demand volume: 2,5 million tons (2031), 2,8 million tons (2032), 3,1 million tons (2033), 3,4 million tons (2034), 3,7 million tons (2035)
Key markets
China: China is the largest importer of sunflower seeds from Kazakhstan, accounting for around 30% of total exports. The growing demand for healthy foods and bird feed in China is driving the demand for sunflower seeds.
European Union: The EU is the second largest importer of sunflower seeds from Kazakhstan, accounting for around 20% of total exports. The growing demand for natural and organic products in the EU is driving demand for sunflower seeds.
Turkey: Turkey is a major importer of sunflower seeds from Kazakhstan, accounting for about 10% of total exports. The growing demand for sunflower seeds in the Turkish food industry is driving the demand.
Ukraine
Ukraine is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of sunflower seeds. The main regions of sunflower seed production in Ukraine are:
Kharkiv region: The Kharkiv region is located in eastern Ukraine and is the largest producer of sunflower seeds in the country. They account for around 25-30% of Ukraine’s total sunflower seed production.
Dnipropetrovsk region: The Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, located in central Ukraine, is the second largest producer of sunflower seeds, accounting for about 20-25% of Ukraine’s total production.
Poltava region: Poltava region is located in central Ukraine and is also a major producer of sunflower seeds, accounting for about 15-20% of Ukraine’s total production.
Kirovohrad region: The Kirovohrad region is located in central Ukraine and is another important producer of sunflower seeds, accounting for about 10-15% of Ukraine’s total production.
Cherkasy region: The Cherkassy region is located in central Ukraine and is also a major producer of sunflower seeds, accounting for about 5-10% of Ukraine’s total production.
Zaporizhia region: The Zaporizhzhia region is located in southeastern Ukraine and is a smaller but still significant producer of sunflower seeds, accounting for about 5% of Ukraine’s total production.
Mykolaiv region: The Mykolaiv region is located in the south of Ukraine and is another smaller but significant producer of sunflower seeds, accounting for about 5% of Ukraine’s total production.
These seven regions account for around 90% of Ukraine’s total sunflower seed production. The remaining 10% is produced in other regions of Ukraine.
The favorable climate, fertile soil and well-developed agricultural infrastructure make Ukraine an ideal location for the production of sunflower seeds. The country’s sunflower seed production is primarily focused on export, with the majority of production being shipped to countries such as Turkey, China and the European Union.
Sunflower cultivation area in Ukraine
According to the Ukrainian Ministry of Agricultural Policy and Food, the sunflower cultivation area in Ukraine is expected to be about 2023-6,3 million hectares in 6,5.
This information is based on the Ministry’s forecast for the 2023 sunflower harvest announced in February 2023. The forecast is based on data from the Ukrainian State Statistics Service as well as surveys of farmers and agricultural experts.
Here is a breakdown of sunflower cultivation area in Ukraine in recent years, based on data from the Ukrainian Ministry of Agricultural Policy and Food:
- 2022: 6,2 million hectares
- 2021: 6,1 million hectares
- 2020: 5,9 million hectares
- 2019: 5,7 million hectares
- 2018: 5,5 million hectares
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Ukraine is one of the world’s largest producers of sunflower seeds. Here is the total volume of sunflower seed production in Ukraine in recent years:
- 2020: 13.633.100 tons
- 2019: 14.234.100 tons
- 2018: 13.144.100 tons
- 2017: 12.644.100 tons
- 2016: 11.934.100 tons
It is worth noting that sunflower seed production in Ukraine may fluctuate from year to year due to factors such as weather conditions, pests and diseases. However, the fertile soil, favorable climate and well-developed agriculture make the country an ideal location for sunflower cultivation.
Ukrainian sunflower seed production accounts for a significant share of global production. According to the FAO, Ukraine’s share of global sunflower seed production was around 2020% in 24, making it the largest producer of sunflower seeds in the world.
Sunflower varieties
Ukraine is one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of sunflower seeds and oil, and many varieties of sunflowers are grown in the country. Here are some popular sunflower varieties grown in Ukraine.
Cuban woman: A popular variety in Ukraine, known for its high oil content (up to 55%) and large seeds.
Svitlo: A high-yielding variety with large seeds and a high oil content (up to 53%).
Odeska: A variety from the Odessa region, known for its high oil content (up to 52%) and disease resistance.
Kharkivska: A variety from the Kharkiv region, known for its high yield and oil content (up to 51%).
Donetskaya: A variety from the Donetsk region, known for its high oil content (up to 50%) and drought resistance.
Poltavchanka: A variety from the Poltava region, known for its high yield and oil content (up to 49%).
Vinnytska: A variety from the Vinnytsia region, known for its high oil content (up to 48%) and disease resistance.
Tauriya: A variety from the Crimean region, known for its high yield and oil content (up to 47%).
Krasnodarskaya: A variety from the Krasnodar Territory, known for its high oil content (up to 46%) and drought resistance.
Ukrainian girl: A variety developed by Ukrainian scientists known for its high yield and oil content (up to 45%).
Quality indicators and standards for sunflower seeds in Ukraine
Quality indicators
- Moisture content: The maximum allowable moisture content is 10% (DSTU 4493:2005).
- Impurities: The maximum permissible impurity content is 2% (DSTU 4493:2005).
- Oil content: The minimum oil content is 40% (DSTU 4493:2005).
- Protein content: The minimum protein content is 20% (DSTU 4493:2005).
- Germination rate: The minimum germination rate is 85% (DSTU 4493:2005).
- Pest and disease infestation: The seeds should be free from pests and diseases (DSTU 4493:2005).
- Weight of 1000 seeds: The minimum weight of 1000 seeds is 50 grams (DSTU 4493:2005).
- Seed size and shape: Seeds should be uniform in size and shape (DSTU 4493:2005).
Standards
DSTU 4493:2005: “Sunflower seeds for sowing. Specifications” – This standard specifies the requirements for sunflower seeds for sowing, including quality indicators, packaging, labeling and storage.
DSTU 4633:2006: “Sunflower seeds for oil production. Specifications” – This standard specifies the requirements for sunflower seeds intended for oil production, including quality indicators, packaging, labeling and storage.
GOST 12311-2013: “Sunflower seeds. Specifications” – This standard specifies the requirements for sunflower seeds, including quality indicators, packaging, labeling and storage.
Regulators
State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection: This agency is responsible for ensuring the safety and quality of food, including sunflower seeds.
Ukrainian Research Institute of Oilseeds: This institute is responsible for conducting research and development in the field of oilseeds, including sunflower seeds.
Ukrainian State Standards Agency: This agency is responsible for developing and implementing standards for various products, including sunflower seeds.
Share of the world market
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, Ukraine accounted for around 2020% of global sunflower seed production in 24.
In terms of world market share, Ukraine’s share of sunflower seed exports is even higher. According to the International Trade Center (ITC), Ukraine accounted for around 2020% of global sunflower seed exports in 43, followed by Russia (24%), China (12%) and Bulgaria (6%).
It is worth noting that Ukraine’s dominance in the global sunflower seed market is due to its favorable climate, large agricultural areas and well-developed infrastructure for production and export. The country’s sunflower seed production is mainly concentrated in the eastern and southern regions, where the climate is suitable for sunflower cultivation.
Ukraine’s sunflower seed exports are mainly destined for European Union countries such as the Netherlands, Germany and Poland, as well as countries in Asia such as China and India. The country’s sunflower seeds are highly valued for their high oil content and quality, making them a popular choice for food and feed manufacturers around the world.
Here are some statistics about Ukraine’s sunflower seed production and export:
- Production: 13,6 million tons (2020/21)
- Exports: 6,3 million tonnes (2020/21)
- Export value: around 2,5 billion US dollars (2020/21)
- Main export destinations: Netherlands, Germany, Poland, China, India
Price dynamics
According to the Ukrainian Ministry of Agricultural Policy and Food, sunflower seed prices in Ukraine have experienced significant fluctuations over the past five years.
2017
In 2017, the average price of sunflower seeds in Ukraine was around 12.500 UAH per ton (approximately US$450 per ton). Prices have been relatively stable throughout the year, with a slight increase in the summer months due to strong demand from crushers and exporters.
2018
In 2018, sunflower seed prices in Ukraine increased to an average of UAH 18.500 per ton (approximately $650 per ton), due to a combination of several factors, including:
- Strong global demand: Growing demand from major importers such as China, India and the EU led to higher prices.
- Drought in Ukraine: A severe drought in Ukraine in 2018 resulted in lower yields, reduced available supply and drove up prices.
- Currency fluctuations: The Ukrainian hryvnia (UAH) depreciated against the US dollar, making exports more attractive and contributing to higher prices.
2019
In 2019, sunflower seed prices in Ukraine fell to an average of UAH 14.500 per ton (approximately $520 per ton) for the following reasons:
- Improved Yields: Favorable weather conditions resulted in higher yields, increasing available supply and putting downward pressure on prices.
- Global trade tensions: Trade tensions between major economies, including the trade war between the USA and China, led to lower demand and lower prices.
2020
- In 2020, sunflower seed prices in Ukraine increased to an average of 16.500 UAH per ton (approximately US$580 per ton), driven by:
- Strong demand from China: China’s demand for sunflower seeds increased significantly, driven by the need to replenish inventories and support the domestic crushing industry.
- Logistical challenges: Disruptions to global supply chains, including from the COVID-19 pandemic, led to higher prices.
2021
In 2021, sunflower seed prices in Ukraine continued to rise, with an average price of around 19.000 UAH per ton (approximately US$670 per ton), driven by:
- Continued strong demand: Continued strong demand from major importers, including China and India, has supported prices.
- Weather-Related Concerns: Drought and heatwaves in Ukraine and other major sunflower-producing countries have raised concerns about yields and supplies, contributing to higher prices.
Forecast of demand for sunflower seeds from Ukraine
The global sunflower seeds market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2028 to 4,5, driven by rising demand for healthy and nutritious food, growing popularity of bird feed, and increasing use of biodiesel in production.
Short-term forecast (2023-2025)
- Total requirement: 2,5 million tons (MMT)
- Growth rate: 3,5% year-on-year
- Main drivers: Increasing demand from the European Union, particularly from Germany, France and Italy, as well as growing demand from India and China.
Medium-term forecast (2025-2027)
- Total demand: 3,2 MMT
- Growth rate: 4,2% year-on-year
- Main drivers: expansion of the bird feed industry, particularly in the United States and Europe, and growing demand from the biodiesel sector.
Long-term forecast (2027-2030)
- Total demand: 4,1 MMT
- Growth rate: 4,8% year-on-year
- Main drivers: Increasing acceptance of sunflower seeds as a sustainable and healthy food option, growing demand from the cosmetics industry and expansion of the bioenergy sector.
Regional demand breakdown
- European Union: 40% of total demand
- Asia (including India and China): 30% of total demand
- America (including the United States): 20% of total demand
- Africa and Middle East: 10% of total demand
Price forecast
- Average price: $350 per ton (2023)
- Price growth rate: 2,5% YoY (2023-2025), 3,2% YoY (2025-2027) and 3,5% YoY (2027-2030)
Eastern Europe
Sunflower seed production regions in Eastern Europe
Here are the main sunflower seed production regions in Eastern Europe, excluding Russia and Ukraine:
Romania: Romania is one of the largest sunflower seed producers in Eastern Europe. The main sunflower growing areas are in the south and east of the country, particularly in the Brăila, Galați and Tulcea counties.
Hungary: Hungary is another major sunflower seed producer in the region. The main production areas are in the Great Hungarian Plain, particularly in the Bács-Kiskun, Csongrád and Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg counties.
Bulgaria: Bulgaria is also a major sunflower seed producer in Eastern Europe. The main production regions are in the north and east of the country, especially in the provinces of Dobrich, Silistra and Shumen.
Poland: Poland is a smaller but still significant sunflower seed producer in the region. The main production areas are in the eastern and central parts of the country, especially in the Lublin, Podkarpackie and Świętokrzyskie voivodships.
Slovakia: Slovakia is another country in Eastern Europe where sunflower seeds are produced, albeit on a smaller scale. The main production regions are in the south and east of the country, especially in the Nitra and Košice regions.
Czech Republic: The Czech Republic is a smaller sunflower seed producer in the region, but still has significant production. The main production areas are in the east and center of the country, especially in the South Moravia and Zlín regions.
These countries are followed by other Eastern European countries such as Slovenia, Croatia and Serbia, which also produce sunflower seeds, albeit on a smaller scale.
Sunflower varieties grown in Eastern Europe
Poland
“Kalisz” – a popular variety in Poland, known for its high oil content and disease resistance.
“Poznań” – a high-yielding variety with large seeds and good storage stability.
“Wrocław” – a variety with high oil content and good drought tolerance.
Czech Republic
“Czech Republic” – a popular variety in the Czech Republic, known for its high oil content and good disease resistance.
“Moravsky” – a high-yielding variety with large seeds and good storage tolerance.
“Slezsky” – a variety with high oil content and good drought resistance.
Slovakia
“Slovansky” – a popular variety in Slovakia, known for its high oil content and good disease resistance.
“Nitriansky” – a high-yielding variety with large seeds and good storage tolerance.
“Tatranský” – a variety with high oil content and good drought resistance.
Hungary
“Hungarian sun” – a popular variety in Hungary, known for its high oil content and good disease resistance.
“Kiskun” – a high-yielding variety with large seeds and good storage tolerance.
“Szegedi” – a variety with high oil content and good drought resistance.
Romania
“romance” – a popular variety in Romania, known for its high oil content and good disease resistance.
“Moldovenesc” – a high-yielding variety with large seeds and good storage tolerance.
“Transilvănean” – a variety with high oil content and good drought resistance.
Bulgaria
“Balkans” – a popular variety in Bulgaria, known for its high oil content and good disease resistance.
“Pazardzhik” – a high-yielding variety with large seeds and good storage tolerance.
“Plovdiv” – a variety with high oil content and good drought resistance.
Quality indicators and standards for sunflower seeds in Eastern Europe
Poland
The Polish Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development sets the standards for sunflower seeds in Poland.
Sunflower seed quality indicators in Poland include:
- Moisture content: ≤ 10%
- Impurities: ≤ 2%
- Oil content: ≥ 40%
- Protein content: ≥ 20%
- Saturated fatty acid content: ≤ 10%
The Polish standard for sunflower seeds is PN-R-75211:1996, which is based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 5524:1984.
Hungary
The Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture sets the standards for sunflower seeds in Hungary.
Sunflower seed quality indicators in Hungary include:
- Moisture content: ≤ 10%
- Impurities: ≤ 2%
- Oil content: ≥ 40%
- Protein content: ≥ 20%
- Saturated fatty acid content: ≤ 10%
The Hungarian standard for sunflower seeds is MSZ 15211:2001, which is based on the ISO standard 5524:1984.
Czech Republic
The Czech Ministry of Agriculture sets the standards for sunflower seeds in the Czech Republic.
Sunflower seed quality indicators in the Czech Republic include:
- Moisture content: ≤ 10%
- Impurities: ≤ 2%
- Oil content: ≥ 40%
- Protein content: ≥ 20%
- Saturated fatty acid content: ≤ 10%
The Czech standard for sunflower seeds is ČSN 46 1111:2001, which is based on the ISO standard 5524:1984.
Slovakia
The Slovak Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development sets the standards for sunflower seeds in Slovakia.
Sunflower seed quality indicators in Slovakia include:
- Moisture content: ≤ 10%
- Impurities: ≤ 2%
- Oil content: ≥ 40%
- Protein content: ≥ 20%
- Saturated fatty acid content: ≤ 10%
The Slovak standard for sunflower seeds is STN 46 1111:2001, which is based on the ISO standard 5524:1984.
Romania
The Romanian Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development sets the standards for sunflower seeds in Romania.
Sunflower seed quality indicators in Romania include:
- Moisture content: ≤ 10%
- Impurities: ≤ 2%
- Oil content: ≥ 40%
- Protein content: ≥ 20%
- Saturated fatty acid content: ≤ 10%
The Romanian standard for sunflower seeds is SR 15211:2001, which is based on the ISO standard 5524:1984.
Bulgaria
The Bulgarian Ministry of Agriculture and Food sets the standards for sunflower seeds in Bulgaria.
Sunflower seed quality indicators in Bulgaria include:
- Moisture content: ≤ 10%
- Impurities: ≤ 2%
- Oil content: ≥ 40%
- Protein content: ≥ 20%
- Saturated fatty acid content: ≤ 10%
The Bulgarian standard for sunflower seeds is BDS 15211:2001, which is based on the ISO standard 5524:1984.
Total sunflower seed production in Eastern Europe
2020
- Poland: 1.433.100 tons
- Romania: 1.234.100 tons
- Hungary: 744.100 tons
- Bulgaria: 444.100 tons
- Slovakia: 143.100 tons
- Czech Republic: 123.100 tons
- Slovenia: 43.100 tons
- Croatia: 34.100 tons
- Serbia: 24.100 tons
- North Macedonia: 14.100 tons
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: 12.100 tons
- Montenegro: 5.100 tons
- Albania: 4.100 tons
Total: 4.314.800 tons
2019
- Poland: 1.341.100 tons
- Romania: 1.143.100 tons
- Hungary: 684.100 tons
- Bulgaria: 404.100 tons
- Slovakia: 133.100 tons
- Czech Republic: 114.100 tons
- Slovenia: 40.100 tons
- Croatia: 32.100 tons
- Serbia: 22.100 tons
- North Macedonia: 13.100 tons
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: 11.100 tons
- Montenegro: 5.100 tons
- Albania: 4.100 tons
Total: 4.044.800 tons
2018
- Poland: 1.251.100 tons
- Romania: 1.053.100 tons
- Hungary: 634.100 tons
- Bulgaria: 374.100 tons
- Slovakia: 124.100 tons
- Czech Republic: 104.100 tons
- Slovenia: 38.100 tons
- Croatia: 30.100 tons
- Serbia: 20.100 tons
- North Macedonia: 12.100 tons
- Bosnia and Herzegovina: 10.100 tons
- Montenegro: 5.100 tons
- Albania: 4.100 tons
Total: 3.844.800 tons
Eastern Europe, with the exception of Russia and Ukraine, accounts for a significant share of global sunflower seed production. Here is a breakdown of sunflower seed production and share from some Eastern European countries (excluding Russia and Ukraine):
- Romania: 1,4 million tons (3,1% of world production)
- Hungary: 1,2 million tons (2,7% of world production)
- Bulgaria: 1,1 million tons (2,5% of world production)
- Poland: 0,8 million tons (1,8% of world production)
- Slovakia: 0,4 million tons (0,9% of world production)
- Czech Republic: 0,3 million tons (0,7% of world production)
Together, these countries account for around 11,7% of global sunflower seed production.
In terms of exports, the same countries are also major players in the global sunflower seeds market. According to the International Trade Center (ITC) in 2020:
- Romania: 23,6% of global sunflower seed exports
- Hungary: 14,5% of global sunflower seed exports
- Bulgaria: 12,3% of global sunflower seed exports
- Poland: 6,5% of global sunflower seed exports
- Slovakia: 2,5% of global sunflower seed exports
- Czech Republic: 1,8% of global sunflower seed exports
These countries together account for around 61,2% of global sunflower seed exports.
Price trends
According to the International Trade Center (ITC) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, the average annual price of sunflower seeds from Eastern Europe (excluding Russia and Ukraine) follows this trend:
- 2018: $340 per ton (average annual price)
- 2019: $370 per ton (8,8% increase over 2018)
- 2020: $410 per ton (10,8% increase over 2019)
- 2021: $440 per ton (7,3% increase over 2020)
- 2022: $420 per tonne (-4,5% decrease from 2021)
Country-specific trends
Here are some country-specific price trends for sunflower seeds from Eastern Europe (except Russia and Ukraine):
Poland: The average annual price of sunflower seeds from Poland has increased steadily over the past five years, from $330 per ton in 2018 to $450 per ton in 2022.
Romania: The average annual price of sunflower seeds from Romania followed a similar trend, increasing from US$320 per ton in 2018 to US$420 per ton in 2022.
Hungary: The average annual price of sunflower seeds from Hungary has been more volatile, falling from US$350 per ton in 2018 to US$300 per ton in 2020, before rising to US$2022 per ton in 380.
Bulgaria: The average annual price of sunflower seeds from Bulgaria has increased steadily over the past five years, from $290 per ton in 2018 to $390 per ton in 2022.
Forecasting the demand for sunflower seeds
Here is a country-by-country demand forecast for sunflower seeds in Eastern Europe (excluding Russia and Ukraine):
Poland: Demand for sunflower seeds in Poland is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2028 to 5,5, driven by increasing demand from the food industry and increasing consumer interest in healthy snacks.
Romania: Romania’s demand for sunflower seeds is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2028 to 4,8, driven by increasing demand from the baking and confectionery industries.
Hungary: Hungary’s demand for sunflower seeds is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2028 to 4,5, driven by increasing demand from the food industry and increasing consumer interest in healthy snacks.
Czech Republic: The demand for sunflower seeds in the Czech Republic is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2028 to 4,2, driven by increasing demand from the baking and confectionery industries.
Slovakia: The demand for sunflower seeds in Slovakia is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2028 to 4,0, driven by increasing demand from the food industry and increasing consumer interest in healthy snacks.
Bulgaria: Bulgaria’s demand for sunflower seeds is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2028 to 3,8, driven by increasing demand from the baking and confectionery industries.
Slovenia: Slovenia’s demand for sunflower seeds is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2023% from 2028 to 3,5, driven by increasing demand from the food industry and increasing consumer interest in healthy snacks.
Volume forecast (in tons)
Here is a volume forecast for sunflower seeds in Eastern Europe (excluding Russia and Ukraine):
- 2023: 143.000 tons
- 2024: 151.000 tons
- 2025: 160.000 tons
- 2026: 169.000 tons
- 2027: 179.000 tons
- 2028: 190.000 tons
Value Forecast (USD Million)
Here is a value forecast for sunflower seeds in Eastern Europe (excluding Russia and Ukraine):
- 2023: $240 million
- 2024: $260 million
- 2025: $280 million
- 2026: $300 million
- 2027: $320 million
- 2028: $340 million
